Obesity Issues

Total metamorphosis is the compute at which you use vitality (calories) when exercising or firing about daily life. Resting energy metabolism is the rate at which you burn calories when non being physically active, and resting energy metabolism varies from person to person, and is affected by age, gender, cistrontic makeup, psychological state, and aim of physical activity. Total and resting metabolism together determine how numerous calories you burn up in a day.

Obesity is voice little to measure, but the most everyday estimate is from the Body tummy Index (BMI), which is calculated from a person's height and weight (Obesity). However, the BMI does not attain between flumpty and hunt consistence mass, so a dust builder may have a BMI which indicates obesity, but he may not have excess body fat. More accurate tests are hydrostatic weighing, skinfold measures, and bioelectric impedance, which distinguish between weight from fat and that from vim. Hydrostatic weighing determines the body's density for estimates of body fat. A person with to a greater extent adipose meander is less dense than a person with more tendon, since muscle is denser than adipose tissue. Skinfold measures with calipers are used because thicker skinfolds in certain body areas indicate more fat content. Electrical impedance estimates fat content of the body because water transmits electricity better than fat, and lean body

"Obesity." Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Farmington, MN: Gale Group. 2001.

Defects in the gene products affecting melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which withal affects appetence have also been found in obesity, and other proteins which help regulate appetite have been discovered and are currently under field of study (Kaplan). Genetic defects may increase the amount of fat stored in the body. Research suggests that mutations of the ?2-type peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gene increase the number of fat cells in the body. It also suggests that a defect in the uncoupling protein-3 gene may promote obesity by decreasing resting energy expenditure.

With age, resting energy expenditure is reduced, making people more persuasible to weight gain (Kaplan).

As people age, some of their muscle mass is replaced by fat. People often become less active as they age, and spend more date in sedentary pursuits. People who are overweight are more likely to have hypertension, which is a major factor in stroke and congestive shopping centre failure, and stroke and heart sickness are two of the leading causes of death (Obesity). Raised cholesterin and triglyceride levels in obesity contribute to heart disease. Type II diabetes is common in obesity. It is caused by an inability of the body to subordination blood sugar levels as the body becomes insensitive to insulin, and is common in obese individuals. Diabetes is a leading cause of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and early death. Other diseases such as sleep apnea, gout, and osteoarthritis are also linked to obesity. Sleep apnea causes short periods of time when breathing stops during sleep, and the risk of sleep apnea increases with increasing body weight. Extra weight puts excess pressure on the joints, accelerating the soften and tear on cartilage in the knees, hips, and lower hindquarters vertebrae, leading to osteoarthritis. Gout is due to the formation of crystals of uric virulent in the joints, causing painful i
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