Social And Psychological Aspects Of Drug Abuse

DRUG ABUSE : PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES2007When we think of medicate shame , we oftentimes visualize the physical : trembling sweating , pale unmarrieds , emotions amplified and rationale removed . Traditional definitions of medicate abusefocuse on these factors as well , spiriteder(prenominal)lighting the physical dependence that results from excessuse of every grade of medicines . However , reputable organizations such(prenominal) as the Ameri thunder mug PsychiatricAssociation and the world Health Organization have worked towards a more complete definitionof drug use . Recent definitions include the vital dimensions of psychological science and sociology as well (Definitions , 2006 . While psychological and societal set up of drug use argon well-documentedwhat contributions can these two field of st udy make in appreciation the causes of drug abuseMany drug abusers ope lay out on a relentless psychological roulette wheel of positive and negativereinforcement . Individuals often enter a drug bring forth with expectations of rewardCognitively , they visit the drugs as a means to achieve reliable feelings some(prenominal) drug classesenforce this notion , at least ab initio . For voice , cocaine and other stimulants sharpen mentalactivity and produce refreshing sensations deep down the body . Such drugs also small(a)er inhibitionscreating a short footsure and optimistic bug outlook on disembodied genius (Drugs /drug abuse , 2004 . The keyhowever , is that positive effects are short . The user will crash especially as semipermanent u readscalates into dependence and addiction . The central nervous trunk becomes overloaded witheach new fix , often requiring the user to look to out a way to come down from the high (Definitions , 2006 . practically , the metho d of choice for beseting an intense high is! depressantsAnother folk of drugs , depressants such as alcohol and barbiturates can also producepositive moods at heart an individual . Depressant effects , however , are amiable to the individualbecause of their efficiency to alleviate physical and turned on(p) pain . whatever ordinary side effects ofdepressant consumption are composure , terror reduction , a slowing of reflexes , and drowsiness (Drugs /drug abuse , 2004 .

These symptoms are attractive characteristics for a person who peradventure seeking refuge from intense personal adversityWhen properly used , drugs are the ultimate form of negative reinforcement . They relieveaches and trouble , combat stress and anxiety , and help their consumers lead a richly functional lifeHowever , when drug users begin to view drugs as an emotional crutch devastating addictionoften follows . The American Psychiatric Association s symptomatic and statistical Manual ofMental Diss acknowledges that drug use is much symptomatic of larger psychologicalissues , and not simply a guileless flagellum within itself (Definitions , 2006 Depressive and anxietydiss often possess a high rate of correlation with substance abuse issues (National Instituteon Drug pervert , 2006 . hike up , researchers Milkman and Sunderwidth studied the personalitycharacteristics of addicts , and found some show patterns , namely low self-esteemhelplessness , a need for escapism , and a desire for risk-taking carriage (Keel , 2006 . In additionyoung children who have experimented with drugs report several(prenominal) common reasons for their drugusage . They see drugs as a way to travel by pain , to disentangle and feel positive , to eas e tiresomeness , andto demonstrate independency (Grow! ing...If you want to get a broad(a) essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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